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United States Chess Federation
The US Chess Federation is the governing body for chess competition in the United States and a member of FIDE, the World Chess Federation. Among other things, US Chess administers the official national rating system, sanctions over twenty national championships annually, and publishes two magazines. US Chess was founded and incorporated in Illinois on December 27, 1939, from the merger of two regional chess organizations and is currently a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization in Crossville, Tennessee. Its membership is over 80,000, including more than fifty grandmasters.
==History==
In 1939, US Chess was created in Illinois through the merger of two regional organizations, the American Chess Federation and National Chess Federation. The combined membership at the time was around 1,000. It experienced consistent, modest growth until the "Fischer boom" of the 1970s. When the American prodigy Bobby Fischer emerged as a contender for the World Chess Championship in 1970, the surge in chess's popularity led to a doubling of membership for US Chess, which had by that time relocated to New York. When Fischer successfully won the title of World Champion in 1972, membership nearly doubled again, reaching a peak in 1974 that was not surpassed until 1992. When Fischer did not defend his title in 1975 and withdrew from public competition, membership in turn declined.〔''Bobby Fischer for Beginners'', by Renzo Verwer, 2010, New in Chess, p. 40〕 Though the game became more popular in the 1980s with the spread of chess computers, it was the growth of scholastic chess in the 1990s and 2000s that nearly doubled membership numbers again, eventually reaching a peak of 89,000 in 2002.〔(Chess Life yearbook )〕 membership is over 80,000.
The organization charges membership fees to offset operating costs. Like many membership-driven non-profits, it offers a number of membership options based on factors such as age, length, and, magazine subscriptions. With the increased popularity of scholastic chess came financial pressure on the organization which could not scale its operational costs in a way compatible with the low dues charged to young players. Between 2005 and 2006, US Chess moved its operations from New Windsor, New York to Crossville, Tennessee, mainly as means to cut expenses. During the move, then US Chess president Beatriz Marinello stated in the annual report that another key reason for the move was to make US Chess "a national organization, not a New York organization." US Chess operations have returned to a break-even basis.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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